| 翻訳と辞書 |
| 20th-century radical Islam in Egypt ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
20th-century radical Islam in Egypt
Radical Islam, sometimes referred to as Islamic Extremism, the set of religious ideologies that support a return to the "fundamentals" of Islam. This type of religious belief is often characterized by religious conservatism, literal interpretation of the Quran, and extreme devotion to implementing these ideals in every aspect of life. However these extreme beliefs have led to radical actions in the past across the Middle East, and Egypt itself has a long history of these radical and extreme sects of Islam with roots dating back to around 660 CE. Radical Islam in Egypt has been the cause of much terrorism and controversy in the country in the 20th century, and still continues to be a main issue in the current Egyptian society. The main conflict between radical Islamists and the government officials throughout history stems from two major issues: “the formation of the modern nation-state and the political and cultural debate over its ideological direction.”〔Kenney, Jeffery T. Muslim Rebels: Kharijites and the Politics of Extremism in Egypt. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. Print. pg 56.〕
==Origins==
Radical Islam has its roots in a sect of Islam called Kharijism, which came about around 600 CE when the third and fourth caliphs were murdered during the first civil war.〔Kenney, Jeffery T. Muslim Rebels: Kharijites and the Politics of Extremism in Egypt. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. Print. pg 4.〕 The Kharijites no longer exist today, and it did not continue as a sect of Islam, but their beliefs laid the early groundwork for much of what Radical Islamists believe today. During the time of their existence the name was understood as anyone who rebelled against the caliph or their appointer ruler, but overtime the name came to denote anyone of Islamist beliefs, or “religiously motivated militants.”〔Kenney, Jeffery T. Muslim Rebels: Kharijites and the Politics of Extremism in Egypt. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. Print. pg 4,5〕 Much like the radical Islamists today, the Kharijites “gave themselves the right to judge who is a true believer of Islam and who is not.”〔Jabbour, Nabeel. The Rumbling Volcano: Islamic Fundamentalism in Egypt. Pasadena: Mandate Press, 1993. Print. pg 41.〕 Also the Kharijites would eventually split into various sects, “whose common denominator was their claim that believers had to denounce” any Muslim leader who did not follow the Quran.〔Kepel, Gilles. Muslim Extremism in Egypt: The Prophet and Pharaoh. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984. Print. pg 58.〕 The ideals of Kharijism would continue to exist in the more modern sects that were formed, but the sect itself would not continue to exist like the Sunni or Shia.〔Jabbour, Nabeel. The Rumbling Volcano: Islamic Fundamentalism in Egypt. Pasadena: Mandate Press, 1993. Print. pg 31.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「20th-century radical Islam in Egypt」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|